Gender and Educational Achievement

Gender and raisingal Achievement a) Explain what is meant by peer-group status. (2 Marks) Peer-group status is being seen as big or grave in the eyes of friends and otherwise people around you. b) Suggest trine ways in which teaching might be change to party favor boys. (6 Marks) Three ways in which teaching canful be altered to favour boys ar- * Include practical(a) dally to make real they understand the work. offering extra credit or chances unequally amid staminates and females, favouring the males * School Topics that the domesticate teaches much(prenominal) as Maths, Design Technology, Physical discipline and many much are to a greater extent male based root words. c) specify some of the factors proscribedside the instruction system that have affected gender differences in civilise. (12 Marks) There are many factors outside the school cultivation system that have affected gender differences in school.Firstly it can be said that parents expect more than f rom their children to be hardworking, have responsible all all over their actions and behaviour towards others, to be tidy and neat. This is known as Parental Aspiration. Compared to girls, boys are more Laddish behaved which leads them to disrespect teachers in schools. Furthermore peer pressure can also affect gender difference in school this is suggested in some case where boys impress their friends by acting like a Cool person, in the end not paying attention in class or to their studies.Whereas most girls are more likely to get better in their studies, this is more likely they stay away unsound influenced people. According to Francis (2000) boys no longer likely to consider themselves more sufficient than girls, this is considered to the government issue choices that boys undertake, which do not require academic success, however girls deem more realistic which do require academic success such(prenominal)(prenominal) as becoming an Engineer or a teacher, this makes them depend to work harder in schools to go to University and to pursue the profession job.Additionally other external factors that may affect gender difference in school are crises in masculinity where women and males have equal rights to work and more women get into the well-paid jobs. d) Using information from Items A and B and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of why girls fall upon better results than boys. (20 Marks) Throughout the past years girls are improving and getting better results than boys. Reasons behind these acquirements that explain are squashy and hard subjects, parental aspiration, girls aim higher and many more reason.These examples deliberate some idea of why the girls perform better than boys. In this try I am going to compare on why girls achieve better results than boys. For the past many years studies have been conducted to find out the girls achievements are better than boys, also in the recent studies have been reason as girls and young womens attitudes towards education, marriage and work have been changed over the years. Sue Sharpe who is a sociologist conducted a study on working-class girls in London and their attitudes towards education.Sue Sharpe compared the attitudes of working-class girls in London schools in the early 1970s and 1990s. She found that the 1990s girls were more confident, more assertive, more ambitious and more committed to gender equality. Sharpe found that the main(prenominal) priorities of the 1970s girls were love, marriage, husbands and children. By 1990s this had changed to job, career and being able to support them with education being the main route to a good job. In 1994, Sue Sharpe found that girls were more and more wary of marriage.They had seen adult relationships break up around them, and had seen women coping alone, in a mans world. Girls were more concerned with rest on their own two feet and were more likely to see education as a means to financial independence. Furthermore both male and female parents expect more from them in their studies however boys now range drift more into large peer groups and involve into gang violence, this makes the boys seem as poorly behaved in school and underachieve in their studies. On the other hand girls are more organised and meet their deadline for their given up coursework.Additionally a recognition that girls were put off by what were traditionally seen as boys subjects or also known as hard subject such as maths, technology, physics and chemistry. This led to the introduction of equal opportunity initiatives such as Girls into Science and Technology. But Girls tend to take soft subject for A- level such as Biology, Sociology, textiles and many more, this is because they more easy subject to do. A recent report was on the new which was regarding less than 50% girls are undertaking the subject physics, which is known as a manfully subject for A-level.In addition early research on peer-group status states that the st udy of antischool subculture that tended to be unquestionable by some working-class boys, particularly those displace in lower streams, bands and sets. Studies by Hargreaves (1967) and Willis (1977), for example, showed how such boys were either fatalistic in accepting school failure as inevitable and so developed anti-educational coping strategies, or sought to compensate for status frustration by gaining credibility in the eyes of their peers.To conclude girls in school achieve higher than boys in school, this is because to some of the factors in school and out of school which may affect many boys with their studies and their behaviour. Overall girls seem to be more able to concentrate in class whereas boys are more practical type and choose hard subjects such as physics, maths, Physical Education and many more.

History Context of China’s Modern History

History is vital in the development of a country. China is one of the countries with a rich account of historical events. These let in the Chinese Civil War, Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, and Great shortage. I am fascinated by Chinas Great Fa exploitlargest ever recorded famine in human historythat transpired in the midst of 1959 and 1961. The famine had caused the death of about 30 million Chinese citizens out-of-pocket to extreme starvation.Encyclopedia of Population describes the famine as massive institutional and policy changes which accompanied the Great Leap Forward were the key factors in the famine. Mao Zedong, a distinguished Chinese leader, had this wild dream to demonstrate Chinas economy soar quickly. He planned to best Britains achievement on iron and steel production. So he ordered millions of peasants to join the iron and steel production workforce quite of working in their fields.My grandfather, who had experienced that period said, I was ordered to mine local deposits of iron ore and limestone while my brother was ordered to smelt alloy instead of farming. My grandfather said that people then were eating tree peels and roots. Those efforts toward industrialization resulted to decreased agricultural activities that eventually triggered the spread of famine.

Argummentative Essay Essay

You ar to write an argumentative hear in response to one of the following topics High school educatees bent ready to cypher college. Age matters in relationships. All citizens should speak a second language. Your essay should have the following make upat Paragraph I. Introduction Give inf completelyible background information and includes a clearly defined thesis statement. II. reenforcement Evidence Provide specific factual and/or anecdotal yard to support your thesis. III. Refuting Contrary Positions Show why counterarguments are incorrect. IV. Conclusion total main ideas and reaffirm your thesis.Expectations Please use Times New roman type 12 point font, 1 inch margins, and 1. 5 line spacing. You whitethorn not exceed two pages. Deadline This essay is due on Sunday, whitethorn 19th at 1159 p. m. Please e-mail it kinda than printing a hard copy. Evaluation You will be evaluated jibe to the attached rubric. Mark Criteria 4. 5-5 The student performs the project very sw ell, covering all the main points using a wide range of structures and phrase. There are no errors and the language is very well-controlled. Ideas are organized clearly and the student uses linking row with ease and proper punctuation.The register and form are excessively correct. The student greatly exceeds the level expected for the task. 4-4. 5 The student performs the task well covering most, if not all, the important points using a close choice of structures and vocabulary. The language is controlled with few mistakes and the whole text is clearly comprehensible. Ideas are well-organised and the student uses linking words and generally punctuates. The register and form are as well as correct. The student is above the level expected for the task. 3. 5-4 The student covers many of the important points using relevant tructures and vocabulary with few mistakes. There may be occasional incomprehensibility just now this does not affect the overall understanding of the text. Ideas are mostly organized correctly and there is some use of linking words and punctuation. The register and form are mostly correct. The student is at the level expected for the task. 3-3. 5 The student attempts the task. Some points are made but they may not all be relevant, clear or comprehensible. bodily structure and vocabulary contain errors that can affect meaning and there may be cases of incomprehensibility.Ideas may not be organized correctly and there may be little evidence of linking words and punctuation. Register and form are mostly correct. The student is below the level expected for the task. under 3 The student largely fails to perform the task. The student is not consistently relevant, clear or comprehensible. There are major errors of structure and vocabulary which affect meaning. Ideas are not well-organized and there is little or no evidence of linking words. Register and form may be incorrect. The student is well below the level expected for the task.

Adulthod final

The distinction of the age range inside each demo of increase or within a somebody typify say childhood or adolescence varies from superstar community to a nonher. These distinctions atomic number 18 not fixed and they vary greatly depending on the culture and the companionable orientation of the society doing the distinction.For instance, the age at which an individual is seen as a juvenile varies from state to an new(prenominal) and therefore it is automatic that the age of at which one converts to an adult from adolescence will also vary. Therefore the distinction amongst childhood and maturity date will also vary between these states and chiefly vary from one cultural and sociable group to another each along history.It is important to note that the passage year into adulthood or passage years within adulthood itself as a deliver of development is socially and culturally fixed. All cultures divide the entire liveness of human beings into much all the same but what differ argon the transition ages from one ramification to another or from one hero stage (within one development stage say adulthood) to another.Of great grandeur argon the roles that flow with the attainment of each development stage (Barber, 1957).These roles atomic number 18 assigned or expected in each society or culture differently and on the basis of the developmental changes observed at each stage. For instance, one will be expected to marry and nip and tuck a family at the entry into adulthood whereas other societies will prefer on to move on to the pith adulthood before he or she could marry.This paper seeks to address the stages of adulthood giving a elaborate description of the changes observed at each stage of adulthood and at the same time addressing how public form _or_ system of government affects each period of development and examine the different cultural influences during each developmental period.2.0 Literature ReviewLife development stages are often ma rked by current specific social, visible and psychological developments or changes. When these changes are observed the assignment of rights, roles, privileges and responsibilities then takes perpetrate but this assignment is depended on the culturally be or defined as a matter of official policy.For instance, in Western change societies, the life development stages are defined as Prenatal stage (conception- birth), Infancy (birth-2 years), Early childhood (3-6 years), Middle childhood (6 years- puberty which of mark varies), Adolescence (beginning of puberty to adulthood), novel adulthood (20-40 years), Middle adulthood (40-65 years) and latelyr adulthood overaged age (sixty-five and older).Of great concern especially for this paper are the stages of adulthood which as seen from above list is divided into 3 stages Young adulthood (20-40 years), Middle adulthood (40-65 years) and Later adulthood/old age (65 years and older) (Pikunas& Eugene, 1991).A young adult is lies betw een the age of 20-40 and individuals in this hired gun stage of adulthood display energy and vigor. They are generally of undefiled health and bereft of problems related to senescence. Physical performance reaches the peak at the age of 20-35an starts to wane after 35, Strength peaks at 25 and frame constant through 35-40 after which it starts to decline and Flexibility lessen as the age goes past 35 or 40.It is important to note strong-arm differences in which a 40 year old may show up beat a 20 year old on many a(prenominal) of the aspects highlighted above. Women in this group reach their fertility peak which then decreases stepwise as age progresses. For instance, there is 50%, 40% and 30% for women aged19-26, 27-34 and 35-39 one by one (Lesser & Pope, 2007).At this fill in stage of adulthood, the members think in a more matured way as oppose to the preceding adolescence stage and focus more on the positive construction of a bright future out front of them. Further, th ey learn to appreciate value in things and issues, tangible or intangible, and their relationships with adults change markedly.Middle adulthood, according to the US official policies , includes the ages 35-54 year olds but Erik Erikson deems otherwise and thinks that this stage end later and thus habilitates the stage to outlast from 40-65 years old. This stage succeeds young adulthood and it is defined by visible aging signs much(prenominal) as graying of hair and loss of skin elasticity, put up of personate weigh usually due to reduced physical activity and decrease in strength and flexibility.Female fertility also decreases significantly during this stage of middle adulthood. However, the aging process observed in this stage varies from one individual to another mainly through the concept of individual differences (Shephard, 1998).Finally, late adulthood or old age starts from 65 years and above. However this border between the middle adulthood and old age may not be catego rically placed because it doesnt share the same connotations in all societies and therefore it varies from on society to another.For Instance, in most move of the world, old age is assigned to people base on certain changes in their lives, activities and social roles i.e. people are said to be old when they assume or be hump grandparents, or when they retire.European and North American societies name old age with attainment of specific number of years. This apparently last stage of the human life cycle is distinct of limited regenerative king with the members being highly prone to disease sickness and syndromes besides other aspects of senescence.3.0 Statement of the ProblemThe stages of adulthood development vary from one society or government to another. It is evident that the age definitions of these sub stages of adulthood differ from one official government policy to another and these governments fix these age .numbers based on the societal assignments of roles.The society on the other hand assigns roles, responsibilities, privileges etc basing on the public policy defined by the government. Therefore, it goes without saying that public policy affects each of the sub stages of adult development cultural orientation immensely influences each sub stage of developmental period.4.0 Research MethodsThe method of lay in data is designed in a way that one arbitrarily observes various people in various sub stages of adulthood noting the joint physical, social and even psychological features where possible. Further, at least ten individuals in each sub stages of the adulthood stage i.e.Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Late Adulthood, gray are interviewed to state why they think they throw out to be in their single sub stage of adulthood and what are some of the responsibilities, roles, rights etc that come with each sub stage of adulthood development. The research schedule was set a below4.1 Early AdulthoodObservation physical, psychological and social featuresInterview to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stageTime 3 Hours4.2 Middle AdulthoodObservations physical, psychological and social featuresInterview to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stageTime 3 Hours4.3 Late AdulthoodObservation physical, psychological and social featuresInterview to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stageTime 3 Hours4.4 ElderlyObservation physical, psychological and social featuresInterview to state why they think they qualify to be in their respective sub stage of adulthood and the responsibilities, roles and rights that come with this sub stage

Give Me Liberty

A Response to Issue 1 Following the Civil War there was a rapid patterned advance of the role of African Americans in the fall in States. Reconstruction had given African Americans their freedom along with their rights to vote, own land, and even hold positions in might. numerous historians would soon report about the great success Reconstruction lay down in the United States for the African American passage in obtaining their civil rights. even so though America had created a society where every(prenominal) men were equal in the eyes of the law, great racism still lingered at bottom many whites.The lack of protection a crystalizest racial crimes upon the African American race became very apparent as white supremacy began to rise. Massacres took place, slaying stacks of disastrous men for peacefully doing what the U. S. government clearly permitted them to do. I deal Reconstruction did fail, due not to racism of the country as a whole, but to racism in some white citize ns who were reluctant to digest change in the social standing of the black man. African Americans began to gain equal standing in politics and were holding positions in office all over the United States.As this happened, many white men started to dun against the Negro Rule, forming white supremacy clans that would soon rise up against all African Americans alike. The largest of these clans was known as the Old Time Ku Klux Klan which began to rebellion against the Radical Reconstruction of the United States. In many cases the KKK killed law unchangeable black land owners. In one case an African American man was even reportedly peacefully building a contend around his land when the men shot him dead. The clansmen were known to then make haven in the African Americans homes, exhaust all supplies of food and resources and then ride on to their next destination. In the townsfolk of Colfax, Louisiana the Grant Parish courthouse became the site of the largest racial massacre in Unit ed States history. Here a group of men decided to make a stand against the clan. After much anticipation the Ku Klux Klan surrounded the courthouse in battle-like formations, and briefly after, the battle began. The group in defense of the courthouse were outnumbered and out armed.The clan reportedly scattered the defense with cannon fire, at which time many of them travel into the courthouse. One African American that was captured during his attempt to flee was held at power point and forced to light flame to the roof of the courthouse in which his fellow defensemen had bunkered in retreat. Some captured African Americans were hung while others forced to retrieve men from the yearning courthouse. All of the men that were captured were eventually killed, and some reported various untamed acts to the dead mens bodies and family members.To this day, no greater racial cleansing has ever taken place. This account is a prime, even though around extreme, example of the great amount of racism that persisted throughout the United States during Reconstruction. Even though the law allowed African Americans to have equal civil rights as white men it did not protect them from the racism that was directed towards them. payable to this many white men sought out to strip the black man of their unalienable rights, many of which succeeded.

Arts along with the downward Essay

Due to factors related to funding for the arts on with the downward turning in the United States economy, a proposal was pip for the conjugation of the do symphony along with the Utah Opera companies. The stately situation confronting the arts community became more(prenominal) and more app bent scope a crisis level in 2001. The Utah Symphony Orchestra was close to a deficit as n atomic number 53d by Scott Parker, Speed of action was requisiteI k immature that there was a possibility that we could quickly find ourselves everywhere the edge, (DeLong & Ager, 2004).There is very little precedence for optical fusions surrounded by a major symphony orchestra orchestra and opera companies in the history of the United States. The twain examples take awayered in the history, the jointure of the Madison Symphony Orchestra and the Madison Opera in 1963 along with the battle of Chattanooga Symphony and the Chattanooga Opera in 1985, resulted in either the companies stay intact f or a period of time or in them separating referable to different ideologies and methodologies.The dickens signifi endt characters ar Anne Ewers, who was asked to consider the mooring of chief operating officer of the combined opera and symphony companies, and Keith Lockhart who is the very respected, long-time, music director and film director of the Utah Symphony Orchestra. some(prenominal) were invited to operate the merger in December, 2001. stipulation two very divergent cultures, they faced a very intriguing process of uniting the two companies. The symphony environment is slow to adjustment where as the opera was more adept to ch enti trustenges and change. The executive committee mat up ambivalent initially virtually the merger but due(p) to the ask to alleviate some of the financial pressures the g all overning bodys faced, they eventually agreed. However, op home to the merger hold members of the community as the audience and the histrions.Lockhart has a very delicate position as the musicians look to him to nurture their enkindles. So he held in emphasis the trust of the musicians and the vi king of the physical composition as a whole. The musicians came up with some maneuver principles they felt the corporate entity ingested to honor. The community in any case expressed its contact regarding the possible loss of status of the symphony if merged with the opera. They excessively questi wizardd Ewers ability to manage the newly entity due to her lack of experience in ladder a symphony orchestra.Both Ewers and Lockhart faced a tremendous assign as they set out to bring in the reigns on the merger. The bill postulate to enforce their indigence skills as they help drum up escortfor the merger. Ann overly guidefully to understand her baron and utilize it to express the community and the musicians that a merger would ultimately benefit the upcoming(a) of some(prenominal) entities. We go away also explore her se e simulated military operation.Bill BaileyMotivation is the crusade or reasons that a person has for behaving the way he or she does and those reasons are typically a very complex phenomena. One of the most fashionable explanation for motivation is based upon the demand of the single(a). This is also get byn as the rudimentary ask model, referred to as the content theory of motivation (Cliffs Notes, 2012). Basically, all singulars requisite their basic unavoidably satisfied. Those of necessity are either primary feather such as the biological need for food, sleep, and basic survival or secondary postulate such as those needs of psychological eudaemonia such as the desire for force, success, and love. The identification of the secondary needs are much more complex since they vary in their definition by the individual due to cultural and experiential factors. Several different theories pull through to explain the needs of individuals as the source of motivation bec a routine unmet needs activate individuals to pursue and satisfy them.Abraham Maslow has a theory which involve five basic needs (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). His list of basic needs include, physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization, which influence behavior. He bedded these needs in a hierarchical ordinance since there are levels of need which come into play when a lower need has been satisfied. These needs influence a persons attitudes and behaviors in that they create a compulsion to satisfy the deficiencies. His theory holds to the premise that unsatisfied needs do and influence behavior. A satisfied no longer moves since population do not need to act to fill a deprivation. The physiological needs motivates an individual to find comfort, rest, refreshment and reasonable achievement conditions. The safety needs motivates an individual to look for work security, adequate compensation and benefits, and safe work conditions.The love/social needs motivates whizz to find friendly co-workers, a pleasant and bideive supervisor, and good interaction with customers. Esteem needs motivates an individual to adjudicate an important job which may offer a forward motion to a higher status level and greater recognition. Self-actualization needsmay ca intent an individual to seek fictional charactericipation in the decision-making process also with creative and challenging tasks. Leaders may tap into the different needs as described by Maslow to motivate individuals towards a particular agenda. Mr. Bailey is the professorship of the maturate for the Utah Opera Organization. He may utilize Maslows five basic needs theory to raise support for the merger.Both the Utah Opera and Symphony Orchestra insufficiency to survive the financial implications of rock-bottom funding and a dire economy which has rented the patrons ability to support the arts. Mr. Bailey could conjure to comforting their safety needs in that a merger would provide jo b security with the same amount of vacation for those involved. He could bring up to the social needs of the per stratumers in the Orchestra by letting them know that Lockhart, who has been a trustedleader, would continue to provide them with supervision as their manager and leader even after the merger. Many of the musicians also expressed a concern that their exquisite excellence would not be protected.Mr. Bailey could could appeal to their high-level needs as a means of motivating them to support their succeeding(a) as performers both individually and corporately. This involves motivation based upon their need for self-actualization. By letting them name autonomy in creativity and a determination in decision-making, the performers could find continued argufy in their work. This would overlap with concourse their esteem needs in helping them to realize the importance of their comp 1nt parts. catch and utilizing Maslows theory can help Mr. Bailey with influencing the beha vior of those involved in both brass instruments by appealing to their individualised interests.Scott ParkerScott Parker holds the position as the chairman of the board of the Utah Symphony. As a leader of that presidency, he also faces the challenging task of finding influential supporters who would back the merger of the two companies. He could consider applying David McClellands theory of motivation (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). McClelland recognized that each individual prioritizes their needs differently since individuals are not born with unconditional needs but the needs are learned through ones life experiences. He identified three specific needs the need for achievementwhich drives one to excel towards accomplishments, the need for reason which ca make hold ofs one to exert influence or encouragement for others to achieve, and the need for affiliation which is a desire for close interpersonal relationships.Individuals may have distinct needs demonstrated through their wo rk preferences. Those wanting to motivate these individuals may make for the environment to meet these needs. For example, the high achievers would desire to do things better. Therefore, they find motivation in job situations with personal responsibility, feedback, and a moderate level of risk. Those with a high need for big businessman would want to follow a data track of subsequent promotions over time. They would desire to be in charge and have the opportunity to have status. Those with a need for affiliation would seek satisfying interpersonal relationships which would lead to companionship and approval.They would desire relationships with a high ground level of mutual understanding and social approval. Mr. Parker identified Mrs. Abravanel as an influential individual who may help him persuade others to vote for the merger if he could motivate her to support this endeavor. Mrs. Abravanel s late conserve, Maurice, was the maestro and music director for the Utah Symphony Orche stra for 32 years. Therefore, Mrs. Abravanel would be greatly interested in sustaining the prestigiousness and excellence of the Symphony which her late husband had watertightd during his prime. Several of the musicians felt bear on that the orchestra would become the appendage of the opera, (DeLong & Ager, 2004) if Ewers became the chief operating officer of the merged organization.They felt that Ewers would leave the Symphony witha less significant place as the Opera. Since the musicians represent the largest inbred interest base, Mr. Parker could appeal to Mrs. Abravanels desire to keep the Symphony in a place of index number and stability for the future. It is said that Maurice Abravanel, had a record of defending his musicians vociferously, (DeLong & Ager, 2004). Perhaps Mrs. Abravanel sections her husbands passion for a position of status for the Symphony. McClelland theorizes that those with a high need of power is likely to want a position of status and influence. Mr. Parker could appeal to Mrs. Abravanel and entrust her with the responsibility of influencing others towards the merger due to her husbands legacy. Mr. Parker could also appeal to her need for achievement. superior achieving individuals, according toMcClelland would want to know whether they are improving the quality of job situations. Maurice Abravanel secured full-year contracts with full-time salaries for his musicians. Mr. Parker could pitch this goal as a potential for the musicians if Mrs. Abravanel became a supporter of the merger. This would provide the Symphony with continued professional status as as achieved by her husband in his fight for the musicians. The relationship betwixt orchestra musicians and the Utah Symphony Board and management had not always been amicable.The board members had reopened the collective negociate agreement and altered it such that the musicians were worse off in terms of their salaries, (DeLong & Ager, 2004). McClelland in his theory sees each individual prioritizing their needs through learned experiences. Mr. Parker could appeal to Mrs. Abranavels desire and possible stirred up need for continued affiliation with the Symphony because the success of its future is strongly related to her husbands life endeavors. She would be representing her husband by her defense of the Orchestras future.Anne EwersThough the term power potentially evokes some negative connotations and strong feelings in some. It is, however, an essential part of useful leadership as managers and leaders need to influence subordinates towards organizational goals. Anne Ewers, as the future CEO of the merged organization has both positional power and personal power. Her positional power is accepted due to her formal position. Thus, the power that she will use is necessary given her authority as a leader to impellingly get things done.However, she could have a legitimate role as a leader and expect her subordinates to comply due to her role as thei r boss. This legitimate role could be expressed either convinced(p)ly or negatively in getting others to comply. Positive legitimate power would result in constructively improving those she would influence to work more strongly. Having negative legitimate power would influence subordinates to comply out of fear, shame, and intimidation. Anne also has denotative power which is a powerwhich comes from her personality. As a leader, she could use charisma and magnetism to appeal to her followers. An effective leader ideally needs toutilize all the tools of the trade which would include both positional (legitimate) and personal ( denotative) powers. A leader could have a legitimate role and lead others by authority because he or she is the boss.However, an employee could have denotive power but not be the boss of a company, attracting and invigorate some by a force of personality. If Anne utilized both powers together, she would not however lead by her authority, but also inspire and appeal to her subordinates with charisma. Having a leader who uses both positive legitimate power and referent power together would foster a attached staff. She would make an subtile leader since, Commitment is superior to compliance because it is driven by inbred or intrinsic motivation, (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). We will further discuss Annes use of these two powers below.Ewers Positional PowerEwers has positional power as the current director of the opera and the future CEO of the merged entity. Her position as the leader/director gives her legitimate authority thus, positional power is the same as legitimate power. Those who work under Ewers must(prenominal) comply if they want to keep their job since she has the authority to make decisions and turn on those who refuse to comply with her decisions. She could either use this authority in a positive manner as she manages her employees for in a negative manner. If she utilized her power positively, she would improve job pe rformance and morale with her decisions. She could also use her power in a negative way by grim to fire her employees and coercing them by fear tactical maneuver or shaming her employees by ad their failures.Ewers would want to call meetings with leaders of the opera and orchestra so that she may utilize her legitimate power to build confidence and commitment. She wants to foster leaders who will be committed to the endeavors of the company rather than merely comply with the new company because they want job security since employees who merely comply affect frequent jolts of power to keep them headed in a productive direction. move employees tend to be self-starters (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). Anne Ewers would expect that her new team of leaders share her commitment towards forming a successful new company.Ewers individual(prenominal) PowerThe use of personal power that Anne Ewers would use to influence managers is necessary as a positive force for the organization. She will nee d to betroth the support and adorn Keith Lockhart by utilizing what Kreitner &Kinick calls, referent power. This power is gained through a leaders strong personality and relational skills which influences the followers loyalty and admiration. A leader needs to organize a group of people to achieve a common goal, (Wikipedia, 2012). This power becomes an integral part of a leaders personal power and plays an important role as the leader needs to collaborate and influence the followers support. jumper lead by influence has increasingly replaced leading by coercion and control. If Ewers utilizes her referent power, she could influence Keith Lockhart to towards leading the Symphony towards the merger. Ewers relationship to Lockhart is one in need of referent power. Ewers has a talent for reducing debt as she retired a $450,000 debt as the general director of the Boston Lyric Opera. She has a knack for fund-raising as well. She could empower Lockhart with these skills as they work side- by-side.Because Lockhart has the loyalty of those in the symphony, Ewers needs to use referent power in order to secure his commitment. Ewers could have a meeting with Lockhart and promise him the co-leader position in the merger process. He knows the history of the symphony and has the trust of the musicians. She can empower him by helping him to see the benefits of the merger. By appealing to Lockhart and endorsing his support, Ewers has a better risk of diminishing the opposition from the musicians. If she increases in her referent power, then a need for coercion which often necessitates the use of punishment, would decrease.Musician PlatformsThe symphony musicians have secured through their union, an annual salary between $50,000 and $85,000 which is above the average salary for a musician. Their salaries, benefits, and payroll taxes, were to increase even more over the next two years due to the unions bargaining agreement. Given an organization change, their salary agreement w ould be challenged. More than their concern regarding their salaries, they were concerned about thefuture of their artistic excellence and whether the new organization would support them. They also have a felt need for a successful fund-raising drive, an amend budget strategy for the orchestra, and a strong collective bargaining agreement.Having the stability provided by the union with a good salary, support for their artistic excellence, and a strong bargaining agreement, the possibility of a merger comes as a more of a threat than as an opportunity for advancement. If Anne does not book of facts the issues which the musicians raised, the organization would not survive on multiple levels. First, with the faltering economy, the orchestra as yet had a contractual obligation to pay the above average salaries as secured through their union.The organization would collapse under the financial pressure due to the economy, the high salaries, and the decreased funding for the arts. Seco nd, there needs to be a strong leader with business savvywho could challenge and revise the bargaining agreement of the musicians since their salaries, benefits, and payroll taxes were scheduled to increase even more over a couple years which would push them over the edge financially. Third, the organization is in dire need of a quality leader who would look out on their respect but who would also hold to the same standards of artistic excellence. The organization is in jeopardy due to a lack of leadership since the CEO of the symphony would be leaving after 2002.RecommendationsSince the musicians have presented their set of directive principles through Christine Osborne, the musicians chairwoman, Ewers with the support of the board need to provide a response. The support of the musicians in the merging process is paramount to the future of the new organization. The future of the musicians in the newly organized symphony also depends upon Ewer and Lockhart as the future leaders. Ew ers has positional power which is legitimate given her authority as the future CEO of the merged organization. The question is how she would utilize her legitimacy. Would she exert a positive or a negative legitimate power? She can use her power as a constructive force to amalgamate the two organizations with a mutual vision for profitability and artistic excellence. Anne could use her referent power to solicit participation in fund-raising efforts. By development her referent power,she can forge a team built on loyalty and commitment.Given the principles presented by the musicians, Ewers has the opportunity to demonstrate her positive legitimate power, her expert power in fund-raising, and her referent power in elevation commitment. First, Ewers needs to influence the leaders of both the Symphony and the Opera as the legitimate future CEO of the merged organizations. As a leader, she would need to cast her vision for the future and hopefully motivate the support of both organiza tions. She needs to use her referent power to develop selfconfidence and passion in her managers to lead their subordinates successfully. Secondly, she needs to address the financial implications of a failing organization by coming up with a revised budget which would live over the contracting financial resources.She would need to utilize her fund-raising experience to seek other sources of funding. Though the musicians have an agreement through the union for a certain salary, Anne would need to renegotiate a revised salary and benefits contract for all the performers which would fall within the revised budget. Ewers appeal for the musicians willingness to take a pay cut would pose a great challenge. However, she may place an emphasis on their self-interest and organizational interest to continue with the new organization. In order to succeed, she needs to utilize a political tactic of striking a balance between the musicians self-interest with the interests of a new organization.T hird, Anne needs to develop and empower a team of trusted individuals who she could target for specified needs of the merger. As we discussed earlier, the better outcome is to have subordinates who are internally motivated and committed towards the merger. Hopefully, she would develop a base of support by promoting the interest of the whole. Anne would rely on these individuals through audience, strong rational persuasion, and inspirational appeal, influence tactics which we will further explore below (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010).Influence Tactics look performed in the 1980s by David Kipnis and his colleagues resulted in him developing nine tactics which could be used in the workplace by managers in order to influence their subordinates (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010).The first tactic is using rational persuasion which utilizes reason, knowledge, or facts to convince someone to comply. Second, a leader can use inspirational appeals to individuals emotions, beliefs, and values in order to bui ld enthusiasm. The third tactic is called consultation which invites others to participate in the process of planning and decision making. The fourth tactic is to use ingratiation which uses flattery, praise, and friendliness to get individuals in a positive mood prior to making a request. The fifth tactic is to make personal appeals as with a friend.The sixth tactic is to make an change for a personal trade of a favor. The seventh tactic is to form a coalition by asking others to join and support the effort as a group. The eighth and ninth are negative tactics where by one uses pressure or intimidation to demand compliance. The polish tactic is make a request (or demand) based on ones legitimate authority, position, organizational rules, policies, or the support of the boss. The more effective tactics are the former ones since pressure, instillation of fear, or forcing compliance fosters a greater discontent in subordinates and can backfire. Anne Ewers can develop her power in or der to synchronize and collaborate a newly constituted organization.She can use the influence tactic of inspirational appeal since many of those involved share the goal of wanting an organization which will protect their personal interest of a competitive salary and benefits package. The also want to build an excellent organization which will continue to foster their artistic talents. All involved agree that funding is diminishing and new sources need to be found. Ewers can use rational persuasion as an influence tactic to demonstrate her knowledge and experience in developing an effective fund-raising effort given her background. She could also use the tactic of consultation in order to invite others to join her endeavors. This will also allow her to depute some of the necessary tasks in order to transition into a new organization.ConclusionThe task of bringing about a merger between the Utah Symphony Orchestra and Opera will involve the key people with the skills, knowledge and charisma. It will require not only a design effort from the board and the identified leaders, namely Anne Ewers and Keith Lockhart. Ewers has proven skills as a fund-raiser and a devoted manager. However, she will need tolearn new skills by utilizing her position and power to motivate and influence a teams with different cultures, the community, and challenge the opposition. She realizes that the task is far from easy but she seems to have a consider on the priorities in order to integrate the two organizations.ReferencesCliffe Notes, (2012). Retrieved from http//www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/ Motivation-Theories-Individual-Needs.topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8908.html DeLong, T. and Ager, D., (2004). HBS cases are positive solely as the basis for class discussion. President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business discipline Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http// www.hbsp.h arvard.edu. This document is authorized for use only in JFT2 Organizational Management 14 by Faculty at Western Governors University from October 2012 to July 2014. Kreitner, R., Kinicke, A. (2010). Organizational Behavior, 9th Ed., McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, NY. Wikipedia, (2012). Leadership retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Leadership.

Discrimination and Children Essay

This Act was puzzle in behind to protect individuals so they will non be discriminated against age, gender, disability, race, religion, sex, civil partnership, sexual orientation. We essential result a small fry an jibe chance to participate and make appropriate resources available to reach their effective potential. Children are unique individuals and grow the right to be hard-boiled fair with equal respect.Disability Discrimination Act 1995-2005When children with disabilities are discriminated against this causes them to loose cartel and are made to feel isolated. This policy was put in place to protect them for being disadvantaged. They should non be set less favourably that non-disabled student with disclose justification. They are entitled to take a leak adjust ment made for the intend of education and association.2.3Evaluate how own attitudes, values and behaviour could impact on work with children and people. In my orderting, at Al-Ameen primary school all cardinal has their own values and impressions but share the comparable belief and this is merry in devising personalities. However as professionals working with children we must have a diverse approach. I never make sudden vox populi on people or children. I am placid natured so I give children time to shine through and understand the objective. I present myself as a positive role model. As a professional working with children it is important that our attitude reflect our opinion and belief.eg. Children implore after lunchtime and I as a TA I supervise the children when they pray. However I dont pray at that time so I never discourage them, they choose to for themselves to participate. That is their opinion and belief as an individual. It is also important I do not let my own personal opinion have an impact on the childs judgment.2.4Explain how to promote anti discriminatory physical exertion in work with children and young people. At my setting we have children from antithet ic backgrounds and cultures. In every day practice and to avoid anti secernment we must show interest in learning about some other cultures, lifestyles and work on building positive relationships. We also have a student from France who has a language barrier so I would actualise this and make provisions so that he/she is not discriminated in both way such as availing the children to write or displume in their books. Speak slowly, or use French words. When I started in year three I noticed some children were struggling with two-ply pencil so I made the teacher aware(p) of this and changed to decoct pencil and now we notice children enjoy writing. Moving the tables around to give children easy access. Moving the children closer to the board or reading out the questions. I would give some children extra time to complete the set task. This would ensure all children have the same opportunity to learn and be included in all aspects of school life.2.5Explain how to challenge disc repancyThe discrimination must always be challenged, according to the school policies, this is through with(p) through the behaviour policy, equal opportunity or Anti-bulling policy. Staff must follow the policies and procedures in place for discrimination. It has to be dealt with immediately. This whitethorn need to be recorded in a incident book. The discriminatory behaviour and comments may also need to be recorded. nearlytimes children may say something without savvy the implication of their comments in such cases they must be made aware that such comments would be reported. They should be reminded that everyone in the school should be treated fairly and respectfully.If I heard a white girl making comments to a black girl such as you buttockst be queen you are black. I would explain to that child that her remarks are hurtful and that every one has the right to be treated fairly so you should not judge people by the discolour of their skin.Three boys tell a girl you cant hel p build the wall its mens work. As a TA I would go and talk to the three boys by asking why they think that and where they heard it . I would tell them that every one should be treated equally weather they are a boy or girl because we can all do the same job. Eg. Your mum cooks and she is a women but when you go to restaurants why are at that place men who are chefs. When you go to hospital there are men who are nurses.2.1Explain ways in which children and young people can experience blemish and discrimination There are many contrary ways in which children and young people can experience prejudice and discrimination at school. One way might be onerous to fit in with the expected appearances and behaviour. They may face discrimination or even be bullied. If a child is deprived of basic necessities identical not having the enough food, looking untidy, not correct school unvaried then this could lead to the child being discriminated against by other children. Some children may fa ce sexism because boys may not include girls in trusted activities eg. When a boys play with ball they think girls do not play with a ball. Children from other cultural backgrounds may not play with other children because they should only play with children from same background. Children with disabilities may not be involved in an activity with other children that could mean they have been discriminated against.

Internet and culture Essay

Introduction Technology affects stopping point in various ways. As the industrial revolution made its impact in Europe in the ni webeenth century, the factory mode of production and throng line operations had a significant impact on family structures. In the twentieth century the popularity of radio and television gave way to large photographic plate broadcasting media that reached out to a large population. The post second land fight era saw a proliferation of pickle media shaped by new age advertising that attempted to create new markets, sometimes by determining peoples needs and sometimes by make their wants.This has been seen by many as a destination shaping mechanism that attempts to harmonize the entire world. One of the first models that studied this phenomenon is the capital of Kentucky School, which analyzed the processes of cultural production and political economy, the politics of cultural texts, and earreach reception and use of cultural artifacts (Kellner 1989 and 1995). The Frankfurt school studied this course of study in both the US and in Germany and was witness to the rise of ultramodern media and a culture that evolved around the cinema, popular music, radio, television, and other forms of mass culture (Wiggershaus 1994).The net profit Revolution However the internet revolution that came on the heels of the sever of the Berlin wall and the dismantling of the Soviet system, putting an end to the cold war unleashed other forces that would counter the unifying theme of global corporate controlled media. The mesh allowed people to access specific training, it made it possible for the ordinary person, cold shoulder across digital divides to upload his or her won thought and with various websites, blogs and contributed material enabled a large amount of personalized information to be shell outd and debated.The forces of globalization coupled with individual thought and carriage made the internet a forum that could counter the uni formity that mass media was pr unity to develop. The afterlife of the internet is one where larger communities develop of identical minded individuals or of individuals who debate and discuss issues of their concern. The digital divide, thanks to cheaper broadband, is already dwindling and larger communities across the globe peeting connected.The web, with its search engines and portals that sustain loads of information, already is a seamless source of information that is unaccented to access and offers information for free. Email that developed along with the web is direct something everyone uses and has brought back people in touch with each other without having to dismiss slow snail mail or spend money in calling their contacts over the phone Email get out continue to be one of the some important tools on the web used by large populations for easy communication.Search engines have already developed to a large extent and the contribution of encyclopedia like Wikipedia to those wanting to share information and learn new things is already well documented. As Zittrain (2006) argues, The most plausible path along which the net might develop is one that finds greater stability by imposing greater constraint on, if non outright elimination of, the capacity of upstart innovators to demonstrate and deploy their asterisk to large audiences.Financial transactions over such an Internet will be to a greater extent trustworthy, but the range of its users business models will be narrow. Conclusion However, what is yet uncertain is how this new technology shapes the future of culture in an international setting. Will it cause further stress as more people use the technology to spread terror, child abuse, apportion spurious drugs over the net and indulge in petty fiscal fraud? Will it be an invasion of privacy as more and more personal information is stored in web pages across the net?Would it lose its current free flowing inclusive character and get regulated by various governments worried about the nature of the Internet that allows everyone to be the author and the reader at the same time? The future will answer these questions, but till then as we graze the web getting more and unique information, individual thoughts and insights, send netmail and blog, the power of this new technology captivates those of us who now spend hours on the net.REFERENCES Kellner, D (1989) Critical Theory, Marxism, and youngity. Cambridge and Baltimore Polity and John Hopkins University Press. Kellner, D. (1995) Media Culture. Cultural Studies, Identity, and Politics, Between the Modern and the Postmodern. London and New York Routledge. Wiggershaus, R (1994), The Frankfurt School. Cambridge, UK Polity Press. Zittrain, J. L. (2006) The Generative Internet. Harvard Law Review, Vol. 119. pp 1974 -2040. At http//www. harvardlawreview. org/issues/119/may06/zittrain. pdf. Last Accessed May 1, 2007.

Case Study (Too Much of a Good Thing)

Benjamin Foster Physiology 10/23/2012 Case arena 1 (Too much of a good thing)) The definition of OSMOSIS is the movement of a resolving through a membrane separating two solutions of different concentrations. The solvent from the side of weaker concentration usually moves to the side of the stronger concentration, diluting it, until the concentrations of the solutions are equal on both sides of the membrane. Michael made numerous mistakes in this story that caused the corn field to die. The first mistake Michael made was to add the additional fertilizer to the crops.The especial(a) fertilizer around the roots of the corn produced a hypertonic environment. The cells disconnected wet because of the excessive fertilizer. The excess fertilizer caused the cell to turn hypertonic to the plant cell. This made the water diffuse from the plant cells into the soil by the process of OSMOSIS and the cells began to get smaller. The water would nourish eventually left the cells completely, which would have caused the plant cell to eventually die. Michaels second mistake is that he didnt remove the extra fertilizer.In theory, if he would have removed the extra fertilizer and add extra water, he could have possibly rescue the crops. People generally water their plants with only water which creates a isotonic environment around the roots of the plants and permits the plant roots to draw up minerals through the soil faster and easier for absorption without the intrusion of added solutes (extra fertilizer) which may behind the absorption process or even refrain the cells from absorbing the water and minerals through the roots.

Traditional Education vs. Online Education

Now days, with technology generously available, schools argon opting to implement online classes into their traditional pedagogics curriculum. As a result of this our golf club is divided in two different shipway of thinking on the upbringing. Some believe the modern rule is emend than the traditional method of teach but yet these two methods ar both successful. Person onlyy, I believe both methods should balance oneness other instead of attempting to support one another this way their purpose of educating pass on be uttermost to a greater extent than successful.Online education, as well c exclusivelyed long distant accomplishment, hobo be defined as a new method of skill through a computer net shape. This modern way of teaching gives pupils an opportunity to take classes online. bill Gates new- doly predicted that in five days most colleges will be providing online education. The self-motivated learner will be on the sack up, Mr. Gates said, speechmakin g at the Techonomy conference in Lake Tahoe. College needs to be less place-based. (Steve) Online courses waive students to access course content, including reading lists and library materials, at any magazine.This flexibleness of online courses is primarily grievous for students who have young children, who atomic number 18 caring for hurt or elderly family members, who have full-time jobs, or who live as well as far from campus. Flexible hours are also skillful because it allow students to work at their own speed taking courses every part time or on an accelerated schedule. consort to the term in the wise York Times, titled Study Finds That Online Education Beats Classroom, the SRI international for the discussion section of Education, conducted a look for on online versus traditional schoolroom teaching from 1996 to 2008.Most of the studies were conducted in colleges and adult continuing-education programs. Over the twelve year span, the Department of Education laun ch that, on second-rate students doing some or all of the course online would range in the 59th percentile in tested performance, compared with the average schoolroom student scoring in the 50th percentile (Lohr). According to Barbara Means, the studys lead author and an educational psychologist at SRI International, online education ultimate goal, is to provide learning experiences that are much tailored to someone students than is feasible in classrooms.That enables more learning by doing, which many students light upon more benignant and useful. However, advocates of classroom learning believe the online method isolates the students from one another as well as their professor minimizing the overall range of taking the course. They also claim that students learn better when working unitedly with their instructor and their boyfriend classmates. Students learn better when they are given the opportunity to ask questions, relate in class discussions, and they move the pro cess of learning forward through their participation.Face-to-face advocates firmly believe that this kind of interaction is not possible over the Internet and for many typefaces of education, e-learning will neer meet the strength of live human interaction in the classroom. An article in the vernal York Times titled, Second Thoughts on Online Education, backs up the points made above. A recent research published by the subject area place of Economic Research, counts to the expiry A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect. A research funded by the National Science Foundation and the Education Department, consisted on compare the crisscrosss of one host online, and one in classroom lectures. The 312 students were undergraduates at a major fix university. The data concluded that certain groups did notably worsened online. Such as, Latino students who took classes online fell nearly a full grade glare than Hispanic students that too k the course in class. Male students did about a half-grade worse online, as did low-achievers, which had college grade-point averages below the mean for the university.David Figlio, an economist at northwesterly University and co-author of the paper, has a few conclusions as to what accounts for the differences in outcomes. The poorer performance of males and lower-achievers, he says the time-shifting convenience of the Web made it easier for students to put off viewing the lectures and get up just in advance the test, a tactic unlikely to produce the trounce possible results. The lower performance by Hispanic students online, Mr. Figlio said, might be due to lacking(p) the body spoken language of the teacher and other classroom cues, which could be more important to a student whose first language is not English.The rightfulness of the matter is that there are advantages and disadvantages to every type of learning environment. It is best(p) to use the advantages that each m ethod offers to their fullest extent. It appears from the initial studies, that a combination of online and classroom learning will be the best teaching method for educating a person for the better future of everyone. According to Judy Willis, The more regions of the brain that butt in data about a subject, the more interconnectedness there is.This wordiness means students will have more opportunities to cleave up all of those related bits of data from their multiple storage areas in response to a single cue. This cross-referencing of data means we have learned, kinda than just memorized. However, it is important to accentuate that learning highly depends on the students demand to learn. So it lull comes down to the effort that the students put into their education that in the long run decides how beneficial the overall experience was to their future career.Traditional Education vs. Online EducationNow days, with technology generously available, schools are opting to impleme nt online classes into their traditional teaching curriculum. As a result of this our society is divided in two different ways of thinking on the education. Some believe the modern method is better than the traditional method of teaching but yet these two methods are both successful. Personally, I believe both methods should balance one another instead of attempting to substitute one another this way their purpose of educating will be far more successful.Online education, also called long distant learning, can be defined as a new method of learning through a computer network. This modern way of teaching gives students an opportunity to take classes online. Bill Gates recently predicted that in five years most colleges will be providing online education. The self-motivated learner will be on the Web, Mr. Gates said, speaking at the Techonomy conference in Lake Tahoe. College needs to be less place-based. (Steve) Online courses allow students to access course content, including readin g lists and library materials, at any time.This flexibility of online courses is primarily important for students who have young children, who are caring for ailing or elderly family members, who have full-time jobs, or who live too far from campus. Flexible hours are also beneficial because it allow students to work at their own speed taking courses either part time or on an accelerated schedule. According to the article in the New York Times, titled Study Finds That Online Education Beats Classroom, the SRI International for the Department of Education, conducted a research on online versus traditional classroom teaching from 1996 to 2008.Most of the studies were conducted in colleges and adult continuing-education programs. Over the twelve year span, the Department of Education found that, on average students doing some or all of the course online would rank in the 59th percentile in tested performance, compared with the average classroom student scoring in the 50th percentile (L ohr). According to Barbara Means, the studys lead author and an educational psychologist at SRI International, online education ultimate goal, is to provide learning experiences that are more tailored to individual students than is possible in classrooms.That enables more learning by doing, which many students find more engaging and useful. However, advocates of classroom learning believe the online method isolates the students from one another as well as their professor minimizing the overall value of taking the course. They also claim that students learn better when working together with their instructor and their fellow classmates. Students learn better when they are given the opportunity to ask questions, join in class discussions, and they move the process of learning forward through their participation.Face-to-face advocates firmly believe that this kind of interaction is not possible over the Internet and for many types of education, e-learning will never meet the potential o f live human interaction in the classroom. An article in the New York Times titled, Second Thoughts on Online Education, backs up the points made above. A recent research published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, comes to the conclusion A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect. A research funded by the National Science Foundation and the Education Department, consisted on comparing the grades of one group online, and one in classroom lectures. The 312 students were undergraduates at a major state university. The data concluded that certain groups did notably worse online. Such as, Hispanic students who took classes online fell nearly a full grade lower than Hispanic students that took the course in class. Male students did about a half-grade worse online, as did low-achievers, which had college grade-point averages below the mean for the university.David Figlio, an economist at Northwestern University and co-author of the paper, h as a few conclusions as to what accounts for the differences in outcomes. The poorer performance of males and lower-achievers, he says the time-shifting convenience of the Web made it easier for students to put off viewing the lectures and cram just before the test, a tactic unlikely to produce the best possible results. The lower performance by Hispanic students online, Mr. Figlio said, might be due to missing the body language of the teacher and other classroom cues, which could be more important to a student whose first language is not English.The truth of the matter is that there are advantages and disadvantages to every type of learning environment. It is best to use the advantages that each method offers to their fullest extent. It appears from the initial studies, that a combination of online and classroom learning will be the best teaching method for educating a person for the better future of everyone. According to Judy Willis, The more regions of the brain that store data about a subject, the more interconnection there is.This redundancy means students will have more opportunities to pull up all of those related bits of data from their multiple storage areas in response to a single cue. This cross-referencing of data means we have learned, rather than just memorized. However, it is important to accentuate that learning highly depends on the students motivation to learn. So it still comes down to the effort that the students put into their education that ultimately decides how beneficial the overall experience was to their future career.

College Inc Essay

After watching the documentary College Inc, I necessitate place to the realization that colleges ar not at all as they seem. some(prenominal) an(prenominal) colleges atomic number 18 a for-profit college which is institutions being operated by profit-seeking vocation. This video was pretty a lot or so for-profit coachs tuition being more than community college tuition. It was similarly about the lengths that for-profit schools get out go to jump as many mountain to introduce in that location and get the funds necessary to keep the college alive.The video in like manner included the many for-profit colleges had so many people enroll and knew that, they were coercing kids and business executives to invest in in that respect college. One thing I raise very interesting was the fact that they argon charging people more to make do online classes, then to actually be in a class. I also set in motion it interesting that most students ar actually taking online classes w hich is a good idea especially, if they plenty not take actual classes or if they have a job that that takes up in that respect time during the mean solar day/night.A second fact or observation I found interesting was this has been going on for how long and they are just nowadays telling people about it. These profit schools are only profiting money, moreoer the department of education is finally seeing what is going on with colleges. The politicss role in this scam is that they are aware of whats going on but are not really doing anything, some other than giving the colleges money to point afloat. The colleges are in fear of losing there grants/funds because the department doesnt see a growth in education and people finding jobs after they graduate.The colleges are telling kids what they wish to hear, if you apply to so and so you will get tour sheepskin in no-time and find a job soon after. They way colleges are run like a business is the way people propound and say wha t they can learn/ earn from the business they are in. What interests me as a business law student was that its in writing colleges have to do anything to get students to sign up and get started with classes. I do understand that for-profit colleges are putting pressure on there employees to get as many students enrolled in there school, or else they are the ones that are losing in the end.Another interest to me is that community colleges are very underrated, many people go to community college because they are not sure what they ask to do in life or, they are working to provide for there families and themselves. Most community colleges are under funded so the expectations of the school are rising and the funds are going down each year, lead story to perform with limited resources. One other interest to me is the fact that the colleges headstone a picture perfect life when you get your diploma, but they do not tell you the enormous debt they leave you in when your get dressede wi th there college.On the other hand I do believe that people should know what they are in for when signing up to a for-profit college, your are paying an arm and a leg for an education and then you are in debt for many years. In my opinion I believe in going to a community college is a good choice for at least a year or two. I believe this because if you dont know what you want to do or you want to stay close to home, you can do that with a community college.You save a little more by going to a community college especially if you are trying to go part-time because you work, you can go to school but also save money incase you want to go to a four-year college. In closing after viewing the documentary College Inc, I have come to the conclusion that colleges are not as they seem. They will say anything to get students to enroll and then leave them to dry when they can not get a job after they graduate, and left with over a thousand dollars in debt.

Iran Awakening

Jessica Muhr May 2nd, 2012 Hi yarn of the Middle East Iran arouse One Womilitary personnels Journey to Reclaim Her Life and demesne This book, Iran Awakening, is a novel written by Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi. Ebadi weaves the story of her life in a very per boyal and unique way, recounting the account of the oerthrow of the shah and the establishment of a unsanded, religious fundamentalist regimen in which opposition to the g all overnment are impris wholenessd, tortured, and bump offed.By obviously realiseing the Prologue, one jakes leave the neck Ebadi has for Iran and her people. This distinguish that Ebadi has for the suppressed of Iran is a musical theme that appears with prohibited the book and appears to be a large factor shadower her drive to stand up for those who cannot stand up for themselves. In the commencement ceremony chapter, Ebadi recounts her childhood from her birth on June 21st, 1947 in Hamedan, to her childhood in capital of Iran. Something th at may come as a surprise to a commentator was the comparison between male and female in Ebadis home.This equality, however, was not greenness in most Iranian households, Male children enjoyed an exalted status, spoiled and cosseted They lots felt themselves the center of the familys orbit Affection for a son was an investment, says Ebadi. In Iranian culture, it was considered natural for a laminitis to love his son more than his daughter. In Ebadis home, though, she describes her parents affections, attentions, and chink as equ eithery distri onlyed.This equality in the home perk upms to play a large role in creating the strong, determined womanhood Ebadi would come to be, My fathers championing of my independency, from the play yard to my later decision to become a judge, instilled a confidence in me that I never felt consciously, only if came to regard as my most valued inheritance. (Ebadi, 12). One may too find it interesting that as a child, Ebadi did not k at prese nt anything of political sympathies until the coup detat of 1953. On August 19th, 1953, the beloved Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh was toppled in a coup detat.Ebadi says that, as children, this untrieds meant nothing. only when the adults could see what Ebadi, at the season, could not. The book makes it clear that, to those of Iran who were not paid to think otherwise, Mossadegh was grand as a nationalist hero and the father of Iranian independence for his bold move of nationalizing Irans oil industry which had been, until thusly, controlled by the West. T herefore, it was overt that this was the beginning of a vast change for Iran. Before the coup, Ebadis father, a grandtime supporter of the prime diplomatic minister, had advanced to become minister of agriculture.In this new regime, Ebadis father was delineated out of his job, fated to languish in lower posts for the rest of his career. This was what caused a silence of all things political in the Ebadi home. Entering law school in 1965 was a turning flow for me, says Ebadi. The vast interest in Irans politics was shocking to her later coming from a home in which politics were never intercommunicate of. After toying with the theme of studying political science, Ebadi decided on pursuing a judgeship which is exactly what she did. In March of 1970, at the age of twenty-three, Ebadi became a judge.In 1975, after 6 months of getting to k directly each other Ebadi get married Javad Tavassoni. Her husband, unlike many Iranian men, coped headspring with her pro ambitions. In the autumn of 1977, there was, what Ebadi describes as, a shift in the streets of Tehran. The shahs regime was trying to reduce the causality of the judiciary by setting up the Mediating Council, an extrajudicial outfit that would have allowed cases to be judged away of the formal justice arrangement. Some of the justices wrote a protest letter argumentation a comest the council, demanding that all cases had to be tried before a accost of law.This was the beginning collective action taken by the judges against the shah. Ebadi sign the letter. In January of 1978, President Jimmy Carter arrived in Tehran, Iran and described it as an island of stability, something he later came to regret. Not long after President Carters statement, a newspaper article aggressively attacking Khomeini inspired a fight off among the people of Iran, calling for his Khomeinis return the police aspect into the crowd and killed many men. By the summer of 1978, protests had gr consume larger, making it impossible to avoid them. In early August, a crowded cinema in Abadan was burned to the round. This direful veritable(a)t burned 400 people alive. The shah blamed this e mercantile establishment on religious conservatives Khomeini accused the SAVAK, the regimes secret police, which was a force of legendary brutality against the brasss opponents. This tragedy pushed many Iranians against the shah. They now realized that t he shah was not merely an American puppet. Ebadi herself says that she was drawn to the opposition. She says that it did not seem a contradiction for her, an educated professional woman, to lynchpin it (Ebadi, 33). She had no idea that she was backing her own eventual defeat.Ebadi uses something close to irony as she describes a morning when she and several judges and officials stormed into the minister of justices office. The minister was not there, instead a startled elder judge sit down hobo the desk. He looked up at us in awe and his gaze halted when he saw my face. You You of all people, why are you here? he asked, bewildered and stern. preceptort you realise that youre reenforcement people who will take away your job if they come to power? Id rather be a free Iranian than an enslaved attorney, I retorted boldly, self-righteous to the core. (Ebadi, 34) On January 16th, 1979, the shah fled Iran, ending two millennia of rule by Persian kings. The streets were over-crowde d with euphoric citizens, Ebadi herself universe one of them. On February 1st, 1979, Khomeini returned to Iran. For near a month, the surface area of Iran hung in the balance. In most of the cities an emergency military had asleep(p) into immediate effect and Khomeini had ordered people to go back into their homes by nightfall with the instruction to go onto their roof at 9pm and scream, Allaho akbar, God is superior.On February 11th, Khomeini exhorted people to defy the 4pm curfew the military had imposed by coming out into the streets. Ebadi remembers going into the streets, hearing sounds of the gunshots echoing, and taking in the frenzied scene of emotion. The future(a) day, the 22nd of Bahman on the Iranian calendar, the military surrendered and the prime minister fled the country. The country rejoiced, including Ebadi herself. She says, looking back, she has to laugh at the feeling of pride that washed over her for it took scarcely a month for her to realize that she ha d willingly participated in her own defeat. Ebadi, 38) Merely years after the revolutions victory, a man named Fathollah Bani-Sadr was appointed provisional overseer of the Ministry of Justice. Expecting praise from this man, Ebadi was shocked when he said, Dont you think that out of respect for our beloved Imam Khomeini, who has graced Iran with his return, it would be better if you covered your hair? This headscarf invitation was the first in a long string of restraints on the women of Iran. After being away for less than a month, Ebadi could already see the changes that had taken place in Tehran. The streets were renamed after Shia imams, martyred clerics, and troika World heroics of an anti-imperial struggle. (Ebadi, 41) Her fellow co-workers, male and female, were dirty and smelled. The bow tie had been banned, being deemed a symbol of the Wests evils, smelling of cologne signaled counter-revolutionist tendencies, and riding to the ministry car to work was evidence of class privilege (Ebadi 42). Rumors outflank that Islam barred women from being judges. Ebadi was the most distinguished female judge in all of Tehran.So, upon hearing these rumors, she tried to counter her worries with her connections precisely even this nice comfort proved to be in vain. In the final days of 1979, Ebadi was effectively stripped of her judgeship. She stubbornly stood, though six months pregnant, as the commissioning flippantly tossed a sheet of paper at her and said, Show up to the research office when youre done with your vacation, her vacation being her maternity leave. The men then began to talk about her as though she was not there, saying things like, Without even starting at the research office, she wants a vacation another said, Theyre disorganized and another, Theyre so unprovoked its clear they dont want to be working(a) The point Ebadi was trying to make is clear by the telling of these statements. some men, especially those in the politics, had lost what little respect they had previously held for women earlier to the Revolution. That much, at least, seemed very clear. The post-Revolutions effect on women was a dour one. As Ebadi read in a newspaper piece name Islamic Revolution, the life of a womans was now half that of a man (for instance, if a car hit both(prenominal) on the street, the cash compensation due to the womans family was half of that due the mans), a omans testimony in court as a witness now counted only half as much as that of a mans a woman had to ask her husband permission to divorce. The drafters of the punishable code had apparently consulted the ordinal century for legal advice. (Ebadi, 51). Ebadis head pounded with rage as she read this news. The grim statues that I would spend the rest of my life fighting stared back at me from the page, she writes. One effect of the new Islamic penal code was the imbalance it caused deep down Ebadis marriage. The day Javad and I married each other, we joined ou r lives together as two equals, she writes. just now on a lower floor these laws, he stayed a person and I became a chattel. They permitted him to divorce me at will, take custody of our future children, and acquire three wives and stick them in the house with me. (Ebadi, 53). Ebadi knew her husband had no intentions of putting this new law to use, exactly she still could not accept the distraction the imbalance between them was cause her. At length, Ebadi came up with a solution within the tendency of the abutting morning, her and her husband drove to the local notary where her husband readily signed a postnuptual agreement.This granted Ebadi the right to divorce her husband without permission, as well as primary custody of their children in the event of a separation. why are you doing this? the astonished notary asked Javad. My decision is irrevocable, Javad replied. I want to besides my life. This eased Ebadis feeling of unrest greatly, her and her husband were equals again, but a piddling part of her was still at unease. After all, I couldnt drag all the men of Iran down to the notary, could I? (Ebadi, 54). September 22nd, 1980 marked the day that Saddam Hussein launched a full-blown invasion on Iran.Though the popular discontent with the revolution had by no means abated as Ebadi mentions, during the war, the newspapers still had long lists of the executed, all the former regimes officials and counterrevolutionaries who had been shot or hung, and sometimes pages filled with macabre photos of gallows and dead bodies. Despite all of this, the people went on, just as they had through the upheaval after the revolution. In short, the decade after the revolution was one filled with much discord, war, and repression.This strife first became personal to Ebadi in the form of the political imprisonment and murder of her brother-in-law Fuad at the young age of 24. Fuads death make me even more obstinate, she writes. We had been told not to discuss his death with anyone, so I talked about his execution night and day. In taxis, at the corner shop, in line for bread, I would approach perfect strangers and tell them about this refreshful boy who was sentenced to twenty years in prison for selling newspapers, and then executed. (Ebadi, 89)This tragic event in Ebadis life, the hot outrage that it made her feel, is remembered as the spark which would lead to her return to legal practice in the 1990s. Things had, of course, continued to happen since Fuads death in the fall of 1988. In 1989, Khomeini had died, the komitehs harsh, unnecessary punishments grew more serious and frequent Ebadi writes of one instance in which her friends fiance is whipped 80 times with no legal grounds whatsoever. The original laws against women grew more and more severe.When Ebadi was arrested for the first time (for a crime of wardrobe), she mentions an elderly woman who was arrested for the crime of wearing slippers. Yet over time, it again became fash ionable for the daughters of Traditional families to attend college, Ebadi writes. Throughout the nineties, the number of women with college degrees move up steadily, and eventually the women began to outnumber the men in universities by a small margin. This new wave of educated women emerging from Iran created a people that was no longer content to slip back into their old, traditional roles in the home.This new attitude was often met by extreme clashes within the family. Ebadi writes of one such woman who, upon requesting a divorce from her husband, was refused by her father. Facing a life history of unhappiness, the woman doused herself in gasoline and set herself ablaze. In 1992, Ebadi again began practicing law, this time exclusively taking on pro bono cases. She pored over religious texts, attempting to gain sufficient knowledge to argue against particular interpretations that would claim that, within Islam, sexist interpretations were to be made.Ebadi began to take on on ly the cases of women and children, for these were the ones who were uninterruptedly at the favor of a sick, twisted government. Ebadi took on many cases one was that of the family of Zahra Kanzemi, an Iranian diary keeper who had been killed in police custody in 2003. Another was that of a learner who was beaten to death by paramilitaries during a 1999 protest Ebadi herself was imprisoned during the course of this case. While digging through the paperwork for a case representing the children of a duad who had been slain in their home, Ebadi stumbled across the official authorization of her own assassination.The reply Ebadi has to this shocking information was one of the major instances that. I believe, greatly endears her to the reader as an extremely brace and powerful woman. I wasnt scared, really, nor was I angry, she writes. Instead, Ebadi simply wanted to know why. One thing that is rightfully unique about Ebadi is the way in which she writes about her life choices. She writes about them as if they were natural, obvious, and just the thing anyone would have done in her place. In reality, this is not so.Many others around Ebadi had the education and ability to make the same choices that Ebadi had made, but they did not, some even emigrating during the Iran-Iraq war. For Ebadi, patriotic to the core, the only choice was to stay. She has a love for her country that defies the instability and repression the government tries to place upon her. Ebadi knows, deep within herself, that the government is not the country. The only moral choice she could live with was to fight injury with law the very law the injustices claimed themselves to be. Following the Reform Era, you can see Ebadi breathe a huge sigh of relief.The years of constant anxiousness over everything, even her girls birthday parties, were behind her. The days when young people would be whipped for venturing into the mountains together, women would be detained or lashed for simply wearing a sm udge of makeup or nail-polish, or for wearing any color clothing besides navy or nasty tones, were happily retired. Moderate President Khatami sought to pull back the systems interference in the peoples private lives, but as Ebadi states, President Khatami deserves only a measure of credit for this shift.Really it was because my daughters uncowed generation started fighting back, and, through the force of their sheer numbers and boldness, made it impossible for the state to impose itself as before. This book was, in my opinion, a tempestuous portrait of a life lived in truth. It was a delight to see how Ebadis simple courage and outright stubbornness made a vast difference in the lives of many, even in the face of extreme adversity, like her own possible assassination. In conclusion, I will at one time again quote Ebadi, as she articulates the dignity of the reform movement within Iran. It so happened that I believed in the secular separation of religion and government because, fundamentally, Islam, like any religion, is subject to interpretation. It can be interpreted to oppress women or interpreted to liberate them I am a attorney by training, and know only too well the permanent limitations of trying to enshrine inalienable rights in sources that lack fixed terms and definitions. But I am also a citizen of the Islamic Republic, and I know the futility of approaching the question any other way.My objective is not to vent my own political sensibilities but to push for a law that would pen a family like Leilas a child who was raped and murdered from become homeless in their quest to finance the executions of their daughters convicted murderers. If Im forced to ferret through musty books of Islamic jurisprudence and rely on sources that stress the democratic ethics of Islam, then so be it. Is it harder this way? Of course it is. But is there an alternative battlefield? Desperate wishing aside, I cannot see one. Shirin Ebadi

Ghana is a mixed but capitalist oriented economy” critically examine this statement Essay

There is not one superstar definition for a mixed economy, but the definitions always involve a tier of clubby stinting freedom mixed with a degree of goernment regulation of markets. A mixed economy is an economic arrangement in which both the non world enterprise and a degree of enunciate monopoly (usually in public service, defence, infrastructure, and basic industries) coexist. Investopedia defines a mixed economy as an economic system that features characteristics of both capitalism and socialism. A mixed economic system allows a level of backstage economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for governments to interfere in economic activities in order to achieve social aims. This type of economic system is slight efficient than capitalism, but more efficient than socialism. All modern economies argon mixed where the means of business atomic number 18 sh ard between the toffee-nosed and public sectors. A mixed economy is also called a double economy. ni gh modern economies feature a synthesis of two or more economic systems. The public sector works alongside the private sector, but may compete for the same limited resources. Mixed economic systems do not block the private sector from profit-seeking, but do monitor profit levels and may nationalize companies that are deemed to go against the public good.Mixed economic systems are not laissez-faire systems the government is knobbed in planning the use of resources and can exert control over businesses in the private sector. Governments may seek to redistribute wealth by taxing the private sector, and using funds from taxes to promote social objectives. capitalist economy allows prices to be set by supply and demand forces and socialism fixes prices with central planning. capitalism is a socio-economic system that allows private owners to profit from the goods and services they provide. Investopedia defines capitalism as an economic system found on the private ownership of capital and production inputs, and on the production of goods and services for profit. The production of goods and services is based on supply and demand in the universal market (market economy), quite than with central planning (planned economy). Capitalism is in the main characterized by competition between producers. Other facets, such as the interlocking of government in production and regulation, varyacross models of capitalism. One of the cornerstones of this system is the right of the individual to choose what to produce, how to produce it, and what price to sell it for. It is touristed innations that value the freedom of the individual over the stability of the society.Most modern nations use some form of capitalism, such as state, corporate, or social market. Capitalism is also called the free market system. Capitalism requires unregulated supply and demand and little or no government balk in matters of trade. Each individual is free to produce what he or she wants and to s ell it at whatever price the market will support. These decisions are typically made by the laws of supply and demand if there is no demand for a particular product, the producer wont be able to make a profit, but if the demand is high, he Capitalism is often closely associated with economic growth, as production and price are determined by the market rather than by governments. Private berth rights provide individuals with the freedom to produce goods and services they can sell in the market. In the 1990s, the government continued to play a decisive enjoyment in the direction and pace of economic development in Ghana. below the Economic Recovery Program initiated in 1983, the government tried to transfer the burden of economic growth from government to the private sector by dint of a dual strategy of cutting government spending and promoting private production. In particular, the government tried to boost export production through currency devaluations, tax incentives, and gov ernment-funded development projects. At the same time, budget deficits were close entirely wiped out.Currently, Ghana is a mixed economy but depends generally on the private sectors. The production of goods and services in Ghana is based on supply and demand in the general market (market economy), rather than through central planning (planned economy). With Ghanas economic system, trade, persistence and the means of production are controlled by private owners with the goal of devising profits in a market economy. It can therefore be concluded that Ghana is a mixed but capitalist economy.

Vacation Spots

Vacation Spots Vacation in paradise is the most step forwardstanding event in ones life and e very(prenominal) ready in the world, people find a glorious space where a family wad bond and enjoy the metre that they have being together. A family is given two vacation floater to hire, Destin, Florida which is local and the other is Palma regress which is in Surigao, Philippines. Both vacation spots have similarities, the family give position a lot of challenges holiday outside the unify States rather than vacationing locally.One important difference in vacationing between Destin, Florida and Palma rectify is the locale or location. Vacationing in Destin, Florida requires on a family to grow and a choice to go to reach their close piece going to Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines, and a family can go there by flying and no other way is available. The family likewise will be safe to venture or so the city while vacationing locally while in Palma Resort the family is o nly safe if they stay within the boundaries of the resort otherwise guard duty is at your own risk.A nonher difference between vacationing locally in Destin, Florida and Palma Resort is the constitute that will come up. Vacationing in Destin, Florida, the cost would be minimal and affordable among middle class family. The family can in addition use their own car to travel to reach their Kwong 2 destination and this would save a lot on a budgeted vacation. Travel revenue is not imposed while vacationing locally. On the other go on vacationing outside the joined States in Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines will incur a higher cost in airfare.It will cost a family of five at least $10,000 just to purchase airfare to the Philippines and this does include the fare to go the resort which is estimated between $1,500 to $2,000 per family of five (5), travel tax is imposed by the drome authorities since the family is just visiting a foreign country. The family has to contract a car o r a van to venture out of the resort because there is no public transportation available most those areas which is another(prenominal) cost to account for.Vacationing in Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines can be very expensive and will have to face the hustle of transferring from one airport to another to reach their vacation spot. The time alone to travel will take its toll on the family which is 19 hours of flight time from the United States to the Philippine and another 2 hours of flight time to reach the island while vacationing locally the family would normally spend 14 hours of drive time or 3 hours of flight time one or the other. similarly the expectation of what kind of food or dishes being served can also be a factor, dining or having lunch outside the U.S. can be an experience the family would never forget. Destin, Florida and Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines is two of the best vacation spots a family would possibly go. It is up to the family and their budgets where t hey want to go, if they prefer to save, then they should choose Destin, Florida and if they could afford to spend extravagantly then it is recommended that they choose Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines because they would enjoy the shimmer and adventure the place would provide and the experience of having authentic dishes being served and the hospitality of local people would show to them.Kwong 3 Vacation Spots dissertation Both vacation spots are amazing, but staying within the borders of the United States is better than dealing with international complications I. Venue A. Destin 1. Can be impelled to 2. Within United States border 3. Safe to venture B. Surigao, Philippines 1. Have to fly 2. Outside the United States-SW Asia 3. Safe within the boundaries of the resort but not outside. II. Cost A. Destin 1. Affordable for family vacation 2. Usage of family car 3.Travel tax not imposed B. Surigao, Philippines 1. High Cost 2. Rental Car or forefront 3. Travel Tax imposed Kwong 4 III . Travel Time/ aliment A. Destin 1. It takes 14 hours drive time 2. Dishes are familiar/American fare 3. Familiar Hospitality B. Surigao, Philippines 1. It takes 19 hours fly time to reach the Philippines and another 2 hours fly time to reach Island and additional 2 hours drive time to destination. 2. Native Dishes/Filipino dishes 3. Unfamiliar hospitality or customs.