Creating a united ummah between 622 and 632 Essay Example for Free

Creating a united ummah between 622 and 632 EssayExplain and mark on the ways in which Muhammad set ab turn up creating a united ummah between 622 and 632Key to explaining the construct of the united ummah is the admission by Islam of the wars that were necessary in achieving their aim.The Muslim belief about 622 is that Muhammad and the muhajirun who followed him from Mecca to Medina were mostly judge by most residents of Medina. The openation for this was that they had been asked there in the first place they were supposed to bring about a peaceful revolution in a city wrought with violence and feuds between seperate tribes of people. As such, Islam was going to be the heal on the wounds that were plighting Medina.The non-Muslim view however is that Jews and munafiqun had difficulties in accepting the ideals of Islam and ridiculed it. Muhammad was introduced with a challenge in bringing the people round to his point of view, and by the end of 622, had only managed to d eflect 1000.The first un contest, all-out scrap of the creation of the ummah was in 624. This was the Battle of Badr. While Muslims submit that the battle was fought out of loyalty to Allah alone, non-Muslims claim that it was based on a desire for revenge against the Meccans who had forced them to leave their authoritative home. The evidence that Muslims claim to arouse supporting their argument is the very f mould that Muhammad and his chase won the battle they had Allah on their side, as is draw in Sura 7. Sura 7 is however believed by opponents to let been written at a different time to the Quran, so cannot be taken at face value. Non-believers claim that Muhammad was playacting with intolerance, which overrided the supposed obligation from Allah that he had to act on.625 saw the Battle of Uhud, which saw Abu Sufyan scenery out in opposition to Muhammad. His 3000 men would logically make light work of the 700 that Muhammad could call upon Muslim belief follows that Al lah was testing the faith of his followers in allowing one side to be so frequently bigger than the other. Non-Muslim belief obviously ranges, unless some arouse argued that God could not have alone been on Muhammads side, given that the prophet emerged from the battle with war wounds, and that some Meccans disobeyed orders, so there were other forces acting on the battle than those of Allah.Abu Sufyan set out to kill Muhammad again in 627, with the Battle of the Ditches. In this battle, Muhammad and his troops were met with the force of 10,000 men. Stalemate arose when Muhammad dug trenches, and a storm saw off the Meccans, who had started disputes between themselves anyway. Non-Muslim suspicion of this theme is largely insubstantial, although the morality of murdering 600-900 Jews later on in the year has been brought into question.This, and the sale of women and children into slavery by Muhammads followers has been backed up with the teaching from the Quran reading God does not love the treacherous, the belief by many Muslims that it was the only way they had of creating the religious theocracy that they wanted, and the belief that they had every right to regaining the violence that they claim had been initiated on them by the Jews and Meccans.Muhammad set out to improve the relations between the Medinans and the Meccans in 628, when the two cities agree to sign the Treaty of Hudabiya outside Meccan city boundaries. Muslims consider this treaty to authenticate Muhammads status as a reluctant warrior because it was supposed to secure peace and the right for any Meccans to become Muslims if they wanted to.Islams status as being more than a religion is also authenticated by the treaty, which Muslims believe portrayed Muhammad as being a capable politician he also allowed Jews to enjoy religious freedom, in return for an extra tax. The Islamic belief that the Muhammad communicated with emperors of Byzantium and Abyssinia is toned down by non-Muslim theo ry, which suggests that he spoke to Arabian peninsula leaders at the most.Some Meccans were voluntarily converted to Islam when the faith reached Mecca on a small pilgramage in 629, alone the main influx of population to the faith came in 630 when Muhammad took the ciy by force. In the following year, he move out armies supporting his leaders when they spread the word of Islam the role that these forces played in converting people to Islam is disputed by Non-Muslims.There is much evidence to support the view that Muhammads motives were political and personal, rather than religious.Firstly, it would not have been reasonable for Muhammads motives to have been solely religious. He would not have been able to have been as triple-crown as he was if they had been this is because Islam is, in the eyes of believers and non-believers alike, more than just a religion.The Islamic beliefs take anteriority over politics, and the individual desires of one person. This makes it almost social istic in its principles, which in turn explain how Muhammad found it such a task to actually spread the faith.It is unlikely that Muhammads motives were personal, as in the event that they had been, it would have been unlikely he would have set himself aside for so much criticism or persecution in fighting the Meccans. He would have stayed in Mecca and made a living as a dealer if this was what he wanted.He would however have had political motives. These would have been necessary in converting a barbarian city into a religious theocracy, and would have to have been backed up with a resolution to act in possibly violent ways to carry them through.What Muhammad was doing was by no means easy he put his life on the line for Allah, who had already put him through visions to tell him what he had to do.Muhammad has been described by some people as being hungry for power, leading to his crusades, battles and treaties across Arabia. What it must be remembered is that he died in 632 as a r easonably old man he fought not for himself but for Allah.